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Fiona Apple McAfee Maggart (born September 13, 1977) is an American singer-songwriter, pianist and record producer. Classically trained on piano as a child, Apple began composing her own songs when she was eight years old. Her debut album, ''Tidal'', written when Apple was seventeen, was released in 1996 and received a Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance for the single "Criminal". She followed with ''When the Pawn...'' (1999), produced by Jon Brion, which was also critically and commercially successful and went certified platinum. For her third album, ''Extraordinary Machine'' (2005), Apple again collaborated with Brion, and began recording the album in 2002. However, Apple was reportedly unhappy with the production and opted not to release the record, leading fans to erroneously protest Epic Records, believing that the label was withholding its release. The album was eventually re-produced without Brion and released in October 2005 to critical acclaim. She released her fourth studio album, ''The Idler Wheel...'', in 2012, which was followed by an extensive tour of the USA. The album received universal praise. Apple's vocal range is contralto.〔〔(San Diego Arts ) Though most of her lyrics are sung in a straightforward pop contralto, she judiciously adds vibrato, sudden jumps into her head voice, and rapid reiterations of the same pitch (what academics in the classical music field call a "Monteverdi vibrato").〕 Her musical style contains elements of jazz, alternative rock, and baroque pop. ==Early life== Born in New York City in 1977, Apple is the daughter of singer Diane McAfee and actor Brandon Maggart. Her maternal grandparents were dancer Millicent Green and big band vocalist Johnny McAfee. Her sister sings cabaret under the stage name Maude Maggart, and actor Garett Maggart is her half brother. Apple grew up in Morningside Gardens in Harlem with her mother and sister, but spent summers with her father in Los Angeles.〔 Apple was classically trained on piano as a child, and began composing her own pieces by the age of eight.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Notable Biographies )〕 When learning to play piano, she would often take sheet music and translate guitar tablature into the corresponding notes.〔 Apple later began to play along with jazz standard compositions after becoming proficient, through which she discovered Billie Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald, who became major influences on her. At age twelve, Apple was raped outside the apartment she shared with her mother and sister.〔Heath, Chris (January 1998). ("The Caged Bird Sings" ), ''Rolling Stone.''〕 She then developed an eating disorder, purposely slimming her developing body, which she saw as "bait."〔 The rape served as the inspiration for "Sullen Girl," a selection she wrote and composed, then recorded, for the album ''Tidal.'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fiona Apple」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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